Engineering Life from the Bottom-Up: Migration, Division, and Beyond

Ryota Sakamoto^1*, Yusuke T. Maeda², Michael P. Murrell³

¹Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
²Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
³Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, Connecticut, USA

* Presenter:Ryota Sakamoto, email:rsakamoto@as.edu.tw

What is life? How do complex living systems self-organize from lifeless molecules? By constructing life-like systems from molecular building blocks, we aim to address these fundamental questions. Living systems convert chemical energy into mechanical work, enabling them to maintain structures and change shape. From embryonic development to cancer invasion, the coordination of core cellular behaviors—such as migration and division—is essential. These single-cell behaviors are driven by the non-equilibrium mechanics of molecular machinery, including the cytoskeleton and motor proteins, which generate active stresses. While the biochemical regulation of these processes is well characterized in cell biology, the role of mechanical forces remains less understood. To address this gap, minimal cell-mimetic model systems have been developed, allowing precise manipulation and quantitative analysis. This talk will highlight our contributions to uncovering the physical principles of cell migration and division by addressing the following questions: How do cytoskeleton-generated forces coordinate migration and division? How does energy consumption influence cytoskeletal assembly and division? Finally, I will outline future research directions aimed at exploring the physics of biological self-organized waves and advancing microscale bioengineering.

Keywords: Biophysics, Active Matter Physics, Actin Cytoskeleton, Reconstitution, Artificial Cells