Time-domain measurement-based quantum computation

Po-Yang Chen^1*, Zhi-Peng Yang^2,3, Franco Nori^3,4, Neill Lambert³, Huan-Yu Ku^1,3

¹Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
²Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Science, Beijing, China
³Center of Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
⁴Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Michigan, USA

* Presenter:Po-Yang Chen, email:poyang1227@gmail.com

As a universal quantum computing paradigm, measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) performs computation through sequential measurements on a cluster state, with single-qubit corrections applied afterward. However, generating large-scale cluster states remains experimentally challenging. Here, we exploit quantum reset operations to formulate a time-domain MBQC scheme that significantly reduces resource requirements and breaks the limitation of the physical system configuration. Remarkably, with resets, we show that a two-qubit cluster state is sufficient to implement universal quantum gates within the MBQC framework. Specifically, we analytically prove that any MBQC protocol based on a linear N-qubit cluster state, such as general single-qubit rotation gates, can be realized using only a two-qubit cluster state with reset operation. Likewise, for protocols based on a T-shaped cluster state, the time-domain approach reduces the requirement to a three-qubit cluster state. Notably, even an MBQC CNOT gate can be implemented with only two physical qubits. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate our scheme on an IBM quantum processor, highlighting the feasibility of time-domain MBQC with current technology.

Keywords: Quantum Information, Quantum Computing Model